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Between the 1880s and 1910s, thousands of African Americans passed civil service exams and became employed in the executive offices of the federal government. By 1920, promotions to well-paying federal jobs had nearly vanished for black workers. This book argues that the Wilson administration's successful 1913 drive to segregate the federal government was a pivotal episode in the age of progressive politics. It investigates how the enactment of this policy, based on Progressives' demands for whiteness in government, imposed a color line on American opportunity and implicated Washington in the economic limitation of African Americans for decades to come.
African Americans --- African Americans in the civil service --- Jim Crowism --- Segregation --- Afro-Americans in the civil service --- Civil service --- Segregation. --- History --- Social conditions --- Wilson, Woodrow, --- Wei-erh-hsün, --- Vilʹson, Vudro, --- Wilson, Thomas Woodrow, --- Wilson, T. W. --- Wiruson, Wuddorō, --- Wilson, Tommy, --- 威爾遜, --- E-books
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In this intellectually ambitious study, Elizabeth McKillen explores the significance of Wilsonian internationalism for workers and the influence of American labour in both shaping and undermining the foreign policies and war mobilization efforts of Woodrow Wilson's administration. McKillen highlights the major fault lines and conflicts that emerged within labor circles as Wilson pursued his agenda in the context of Mexican and European revolutions, World War I, and the Versailles Peace Conference.
Labor --- Labor unions --- Labor movement --- International labor activities --- Labor activities, International --- Labor and laboring classes --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Trade-unions --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- History --- Political activity --- International cooperation --- Wilson, Woodrow, --- Wei-erh-hsün, --- Vilʹson, Vudro, --- Wilson, Thomas Woodrow, --- Wilson, T. W. --- Wiruson, Wuddorō, --- Wilson, Tommy, --- 威爾遜, --- International Labour Organization. --- ILO (International Labour Organization) --- Organisation internationale du travail --- OIT (International Labour Organization) --- Organización Internacional del Trabajo --- Olon Ulsyn Khȯdȯlmȯriĭn Tovchoo --- Olon Ulsyn Khȯdȯlmȯriĭn Baĭguullaga --- OUKhB --- Shirika la Kazi Duniani --- Samnakngān Rǣngngān rawāng Prathēt --- International Labor Organization --- United Nations. --- ʻOngkān Rǣngngān rawāng Prathēt --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Social movements --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- Manpower --- Work --- Working class --- International Labour Organisation --- E-books --- International Labour Office --- International Labor Organization. --- internationale vakbondsorganisaties --- ILO --- Verenigde Staten --- ILO. --- Verenigde Staten.
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